Practicing open innovation, PARC, a Xerox company, provides custom R&D services, technology, expertise, and IP to Fortune 500 and Global 1000 companies, startups, and government agencies. Incorporated in 2002, PARC (formerly Xerox PARC) has pioneered many technology platforms, including: Ethernet, distributed computing, and Internet standards; laser printing and optoelectronics; GUI and WYSIWYG; ubiquitous computing and collaborative filtering; corporate ethnography; printed electronics and flexible electronics; and much more.